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Интеллектуальная Система Тематического Исследования НАукометрических данных |
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The fields of Galactic archaeology and near-field cosmology have been revolutionized by a plethora of rich data from virtually every observational domain. This breadth from the most ancient field of astronomy (astrometry) to one of the newest (asteroseismology). We now know the precise kinematics, detailed chemical abundances, and approximate ages for millions of stars across much of the Milky Way, from the Bulge to the Solar Neighbourhood through to the Halo. This incredible bounty of astronomical data is accompanied by increasingly sophisticated astrophysical models in hierarchical galaxy assembly, galactic dynamics, stellar evolution, and nucleosynthetic yields. These resources have led to an emerging picture of the Milky Way's first three billion years. The first phase of star-formation was likely dominated by metal-poor ([Fe/H] <= -3.0) gas and stars, whose chemical abundances represent a zoo in their suggested diversity of early chemical polluters. Some brief time later, the Milky Way formed its first globular clusters, its Bulge, and its Thick Disk, with the earliest phases of that epoch likely having been dominated by globular clusters. Simultaneous to these developments, the early Milky Way experienced several significant accretion events, such as the recently discovered systems Gaia-Enceladus and Sequoia. We can trace these structures dynamically, and chemically, and we may even be able to identify which globular clusters belonged to them. These accretion and dissolution events stand in contrast to the Milky Way’s puzzlingly quiescent state today. In parallel to these developments in Galactic astronomy, the field of galaxy formation is also undergoing a revolution due to high-redshift data from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). This progress will soon be accelerated by data from the Christmas 2021 launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The question of how galaxies form and evolve will be constrained by a deluge of information from the earliest epochs, which will be both challenging and fascinating to analyze, interpret, and understand. We will ascertain the spread in abundances of gas at the same early cosmological epoch, the structural state of galaxies when the progenitors of globular clusters are driving the first significant star formation events, and the mass distribution of star formation events at high redshift. JWST will also probe the stellar mass functions of low-metallicity stellar populations, enabling new insights into the physical processes that drive the formation of stars and the resulting chemical enrichment of the universe. Magnificent data (from both the Local Group and the high-redshift Universe) and state-of-the-art models are optimally insightful when used together. Given recent developments, the time is now to bring in experts from these three areas (Galactic astronomy, high-redshift astronomy, and theory and modeling of galaxy formation and evolution). The conference will enable a more holistic understanding of the Milky Way's and all disk galaxies’ early star formation and structural assembly.