The Biology and Life Cycle of Enigmatic Crustacean Y-Larvae: A Review

Dreyer, N.; Olesen, J.; Grygier, M.J.; Eibye-Jacobsen, D.; Høeg, J.T.; Kerbl, A.; Fujita, Y.; Kolbasov, G.A.; Savchenko, A.S.; Worsaae, K.; Palero, F.; Chan Benny, K.K.

Авторы: Dreyer Niklas, Olesen Jørgen, Grygier Mark J., Eibye-Jacobsen Danny, Høeg Jens T., Kerbl Alexandra, Fujita Yoshihisa, Kolbasov Gregory A., Savchenko Alexandra S., Worsaae Katrine, Palero Ferran, Chan Benny K.K.
Журнал: Oceanography and Marine Biology
Том: 61
Год издания: 2023
Первая страница: 81
Последняя страница: 126
DOI: 10.1201/9781003363873-4
Аннотация: Resolution of recalcitrant nodes in the Tree of Life has been substantially eased recently byincreased worldwide sampling and advancements in sequencing technology. It has become routine to usemolecular data to characterise and taxonomically allocate tens to hundreds of taxa based on the DNAoccurring in a few drops of water. Despite this, the adult stages of one invertebrate taxon, the enigmaticcrustacean ‘y-larvae’ (Thecostraca: Facetotecta), have never been found, and the true diversity of thisgroup has long remained unknown. Here, we review the current state of our knowledge concerning thesemysterious larval forms and provide a significant body of new morphological and ecological data tomake y-larvae accessible to a wider community of biologists. After summarising the history of y-larvastudies, we review the current state of facetotectan systematics and outline in detail the structural featuresof each known phase in the life history, from y-nauplius through y-cypris to ypsigon. In particular,we document a suite of new ultrastructural details of the ypsigon, the putatively invasive phase if, assuspected, the adults are parasitic. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy are used to show thatafter a moult the ypsigon inherits numerous structures directly from the preceding y-cypris larva, includingparts of the nervous system, sensory organs, pores, and antennal musculature. A comparison of the ypsigon to the very similar, yet surely independently evolved and thus merely analogous invasive stagesof parasitic barnacles (Rhizocephala) provides a broader phylogenetic and functional context for thesefindings. These structural traits agree with molecular phylogenetic data placing Facetotecta as an earlybranchingsister clade to the cirripede barnacles, including Rhizocephala. We then review the ecologyand biogeography of y-larvae in the global plankton and offer a comprehensive map and list of recordedlocalities. Finally, we statistically test the abundance of the different life-history stages of y-larvae in thesurface plankton at one of our primary study sites (Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan) in relation to variousenvironmental factors that may drive their occurrence there. We found evidence of crepuscular emergencearound dawn (7 am–9 am) and dusk (5 pm–7 pm). This review is the most comprehensive synthesisof information on Facetotecta to date. Despite our continued ignorance of the adults, we hope it will serveboth as a starting point for future scientists embarking on studies of this challenging group of crustaceansand as an inspiration for those working on other kinds of planktonic larvae.
Добавил в систему: Колбасов Григорий Александрович

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