Micromorphological features of medieval cultural layers formed in different environmental backgrounds

Bronnikova, M.A.; Karpova, J.O.; Murasheva, V.V.; Kochkina, A.F.; Stashenkov, D.A.; Arzhantseva, I.A.; Härke, H.

Авторы: Bronnikova Maria A., Karpova Julia O., Murasheva Veronika V., Kochkina Anna F., Stashenkov Dmitry A., Arzhantseva Irina A., Härke Heinrich
Журнал: Boletin de la Sociedad Geologica Mexicana
Том: 74
Номер: 3
Год издания: 2022
Издательство: Sociedad Geologica Mexicana
Местоположение издательства: Mexico
Первая страница: 1
Последняя страница: 25
DOI: 10.18268/BSGM2022v74n3a080822
Аннотация: This research compares results of micromorphological case studies conducted on four early medievalarchaeological sites with differentiated spatializationnof human impacts and a varied craft productionlocated in different background environments: humid climate, subzone of mixed forests, floodplainof the Dnieper River (Gnezdovo site); semi-humid climate, subzone of forest-steppe, Middle Volgaregion (Muromsky Gorodok and Malaya Ryazan’ sites); arid climate, cold desert of the Aral region,ancient delta-alluvial plain of the Syr-Darya River (Dzhankent site). Micromorphological studies ofhabitation deposits revealed clear geographical and geochemical regularities in the occurrence of geogenic(soil, sedimentary and post-sedimentary) features. Intrasoil migration and accumulation of clayand coarser silicate material in textural pedofeatures were described in cultural layers of sites located in forest and the forest-steppe zones. An anthropogenic input of phosphates provokes simultaneous migration and illuvial accumulation of phosphates and clay. In the habitation deposits in steppe landscapes with calcareous lithology, the key background soil process is redistribution and intrasoil accumulation of calcium carbonates. In the desert alluvial landscape, major soil processes are accumulation of gypsum and readily soluble salts. All layers are or were affected by at least some seasonal over-moisturing that resulted in a variety of redoximorphic features depending on their palaeo- and/or contemporary water regime. The high variety of anthropogenic processes and corresponding microfeatures was grouped as follows: (1) input, output, turbation, compaction; (2) neoformation and migration; (3) pyrogenic processes (products); technological processes (products). The set ofanthropogenic features records past human impact in the locality. The higher the variety of anthropogenicfeatures and their general abundance is, the more intensive and variable the human impact which hadoccurred in the past. At the same time, the occurrence of certain anthropogenic features may indicatenot only human-related processes of their formation (or input), but also a contemporary soil environment.This environment can be favorable, or, in the opposite, deteriorative for earlier formed anthropogenicfeatures.
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