Аннотация:Giant bubbles in nearby galaxies and our Galaxy are observed in optics, radio, and X-rays and have different sizes and origins. The largest ones inside the region occupied by the spiral structure have diameters less than 300-400 pc. The Cygnus Superbubble is not an entity, but represent a result of projection of many sources onto the sky. X-ray emission from bubbles blown by stellar winds has been predicted in the 1960s. The first Einstein data did not indicate any X-ray flux from Sh308 and RCW58. The most promising stellar wind nebula for X-ray observations is NGC 6888 and processing Einstein archival data reveals a soft X-ray emission whose flux is about 1/10 of the predicted one. A more careful modelling reduces the discrepancy down to a factor of 2 or 3. The local stellar matter is an old giant bubble around the Sco-Cen stellar association. There are many cold and warm gas clouds inside the bubble. The Sun is probably isolated from the bubble by the Local Cloud. Loop I is an old SNR inside the bubble. Traces of several older bubbles are found near the Local bubble. The ROSAT soft X-ray survey is important for understanding the origin of the galactic soft X-ray background.