Production of intermediate-mass and heavy nucleiстатья
Статья опубликована в высокорейтинговом журнале
Информация о цитировании статьи получена из
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Scopus
Статья опубликована в журнале из списка Web of Science и/или Scopus
Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 18 июля 2013 г.
Аннотация:Nucleosynthesis is the science related to all astrophysical processes
which are responsible for the abundances of the elements and their
isotopes in the universe. The astrophysical sites are the big bang and
stellar objects. The working of nucleosynthesis processes is presented
in a survey of events which act as abundance sources. For
intermediate-mass and heavy elements, these are stellar evolution, type
Ia and core collapse supernovae as well as hypernovae. We discuss
successes and failures of existing processes and possible solutions via
new (hitherto unknown) processes. Finally an analysis of their role is
given in the puzzle to explain the evolution of the elemental and
isotopic compositions found in galaxies, and especially the mixture
found in the solar system. Different timescales due to the progenitor
mass dependence of the endpoints of stellar evolution (type II supernova
explosions -- SNe II vs. planetary nebulae) or single vs. binary
stellar systems (the latter being responsible for novae, type Ia
supernovae -- SNe Ia, or X-ray bursts) are the keys to understand
galactic evolution. At very early times, the role of explosion energies
of events, polluting pristine matter with a composition originating only
from the big bang, might also play a role. We also speculate on the role
of very massive stars not undergoing SN II explosions but rather causing
hypernovae after the formation of a central black hole via
core collapse.