ИСТИНА

In this short course, we discuss the techniques for optical assessment of the major parameters of blood microrheology(MR) and microcirculation (MC) in norm, disease and at interaction with nanoparticles (NP). Following a brief overview of the state of the art of research in this field, we report on the latest results of our research, which combines our expertise in in-vitro and in-vivo studies on cellular, whole blood and animal models as well as in situ human measurements using the advanced laser methods and instruments. These basically include: laser diffractometry [1], quasi-elasic and diffuse scattering [2], laser tweezers [3], and capillaroscopy [4]. We discuss the informativity and diagnostic value of the measured MRand MC parameters and possibilities of using them as optical biomarkers of diseases (e.g., diabetes and hypertension), or of the consequences of interaction of blood components with NP, which in some cases may affect the RBC [5]. This may be due to the NP sticking to RBC membrane as well as due to adsorption of blood plasma proteins on their surfaces, which we recorded by various laser techniques. The effects are particle size, concentration and surface functionalization dependent. On the organism (human body) level the alteration of the MR properties of RBC can impede the normal MC of blood, which is manifested by impaired blood flow velocities in the capillaries and by the sludge phenomenon. The obtained results imply that controlling the blood MR properties is necessary during disease treatments and optimization of the nanoparticle application protocols.